http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/1850 2001-01-13T06:32:07Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16801 Assessment Of Honey Quality In Case Of Dembecha And Dega Damot District, West Gojjam, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia Andu amlak, Tilahun Honey is a naturally occurring, sweet, sticky, and viscous liquid that bees make from flower nectar or from living plant material. For safe handling, storage, and quality control of the products, the physicochemical and biochemical parameters of honeys are essential. This study analyzed a few specific physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of honey that is produced in West Gojjam, specifically in the districts of Dembech and Dega Damot. A variety of physicochemical and biochemical characteristics, such as pH, free acidity, electrical conductivity, moisture content, water-insoluble solids, ash content, color, hydroxymethylfurfural, total sugars, apparent sucrose, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity, were examined in the honey samples that were taken from various sub-union corporations. The results showed that the range of values were identified for pH, free acidity, electrical conductivity, moisture content, water insoluble parts, ash content, color, HMF, total sugar, apparent sucrose, total phenolic, and antioxidant activity, 3.61 - 4.16; 37.5 - 40.22 meq/kg; 38.36 - 65.49 μs/cm; 17.4 - 19.77%; 0.39 - 0.44%; 0.38 - 0.61%; 65.84 - 135.19 mm Pfund; 53.00 - 69.72 mg/kg; 58.3 - 72.00%; 2.7 - 4.47%, and 41.74 - 93.98 (mg.GAE/100g) and 37.87 - 86.29 (IC50mg/ml) respectively. A one-way ANOVA test (P < 0.05) identified a significant variation in pH, apparent sucrose, HMF, moisture, electrical conductivity, free acidity and total sugar between the honey samples from the Dembech and Dega Damot areas. But, ash, honey color, total phenolic content, water insoluble content and antioxidant activity were not significant variation as the result that we observed in the study area between the two districts. Additionally, the observed results demonstrated that the honeys generated in the research area had physicochemical and biochemical property analyses almost fell within the acceptable limits of both national and international standards. To ensure that the primary physicochemical and biochemical characteristics are within the criteria throughout the year, a seasonal study is advised. 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16799 Effects of Tempering Time and Wheat Hardness on Flour Yield, Composition, and Quality Aderaw, Mekonnen The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tempering time and wheat hardness on flour yield (extraction rate), protein, moisture, and ash of wheat flour. Wheat flour was prepared from very soft, soft wheat and medium-hard wheat. The extraction rate ranged from 88.5 to 93%, and represents the percentage of flour obtained in relation to the amount of ground wheat. Wheat hardness was determined by Dura Tap sieve shaker (AACC 55-30 Method). The results showed that there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.001) between tempering duration and grain hardness in affecting extraction rate. The best extraction rate was observed after 16 hours of conditioning, with shorter and longer conditioning times showing significant extraction loss (p ≤ 0.05). The moisture contents of different conditioning durations did not show significant difference (p ≤ 0.05). However the slightly highest moisture level (14.7%) was found in 16 hours conditioning time for the very soft and medium hard flour. The L* value of the very soft flour was in the range of 40.28-72.76, whereas the medium hard flour presented L* values of 32.02-49.35. Medium hard flour containing higher whole grain wheat flour levels was darker, as evidenced by the negative L*. The luminosity results were within the expectations. 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16794 Cellulose Nanofiber Preparation, Characterization, And Evaluating Its Application In Membrane Filter Development For Household Water Purification Bitew, Ewinete In most developing nations throughout the world, the main health problem resulting from the usage of unclean home water is waterborne infections. Therefore, the development of efficient and sustainable water purification techniques is essential. In this study, cellulose from sugarcane bagasse was converted into cellulose nanofiber to develop a membrane filter used for purifying household water. A water sample from Bahir Dar Zuria Wereda, Wegelisa Kebelle, was taken to evaluate the efficiency of the method. FTIR analysis and UV-Vis characterization of the nanocelluloses matched successfully with the literature. All three nanocellulose-based membranes (M1, M2, and M3) were efficient in purifying household water based on the investigated physicochemical water quality parameters. The thickness of the prepared membranes with a diameter of 47 mm (M1, M2, and M3), made from 10 ml, 15 ml, and 20 ml of cellulose nanofiber suspension, was 0.27 ± 0.036 mm, 0.56 ± 0.035 mm, and 0.84 ± 0.085 mm, respectively. The pore sizes of M1, M2, and M3 were 1.7724 nm, 1.7124 nm, and 1.6874 nm, respectively. The membranes demonstrated the ability to reduce the concentrations of total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, chloride ions, heavy metals, and bacteria in household water. After purification using M1, M2, and M3, the TDS value of the raw water sample (142.27 ± 0.83 mg/L) was reduced to 120 ± 0.6 mg/L, 99.1 ± 0.61 mg/L, and 96.07 ± 0.63 mg/L respectively. Notably, an analysis of the concentrations of heavy metals in the water before and after purification with a nanocellulose-based membrane showed a significant reduction in heavy metals. Also, other listed ions, decreased in parallel. The bacteria reduction rate after the sample was purified using M1, M2, and M3 was 45.04%, 56.98%, and 65.5%, respectively. As a whole, the nanocellulose-based membranes efficiently reduced the concentration of ions and also the amount of bacteria’s from the household water sample 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/14021 Testing The Quality of Drinking Water in Bahir Dar City Generated From Different Sources Abel, Ayalew Water quality is measured by several parameters, such as the concentration of bacteria levels, the amount of salt, or the amount of material suspended in the water (turbidity). In some bodies of water, the concentration of microscopic algae and quantities of pesticides, herbicides, heavy metals, and other contaminants may also be measured to determine water quality. The main objective of this study was to test the quality of drinking water in Bahir Dar city generated from different sources. Eight sampling sites were selected to represent the source of water quality variations based on purposive sampling method. 8 triplicate water samples (6 from ground water and 2 from springs) were collected from the study areas. The water samples were subjected to the analysis of the physicochemical and bacteriological water quality parameters. The Calcium, Magnesium, Manganese, Iron and Boron of the water sample were determined using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Sodium and Potassium levels of the water samples were determined using Flame emission spectrophotometer. Bicarbonates and Sulfates of the water samples were measured by EDTA titration method. The membrane filter technique was utilized for microbiological water quality analysis. The temperature, turbidity, pH, EC, TDS, total hardness, total alkalinity, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, chlorides, and bicarbonate levels of the analyzed water samples were in the ranges of 22.37-22.83 °C, 2.87- 4.97 NTU, 6.07-7.35, 149- 298.67 μS/cm, 102.17-194.33 mg/l, 54-154.33 mg/l, 67-193.67 mg/l, 14.33-33.67 mg/l, 0.39-33.3 mg/l, 9.33-16.33 mg/l, 1.1-8.73 mg/l, and 85.67-234 mg/l, respectively. Carbonate was not detected at all sampling sites. The Calcium, Magnesium, Manganese, Iron, Boron, sodium and potassium levels were in the range of 8.67-23 mg/l, 13.33-35.67 mg/l, 0.002-0.005 mg/l, 0.001-0.0267 mg/l, 0.01-0.017 mg/l, 3.83-9.87 mg/l, and 1.2-10.13 mg/l, respectively. The average total and fecal coliforms ranged from 0-1294.67 CFU/100 ml and 0-929 CFU/100 ml, respectively. The potassium level of the water samples at GM, GUB, CHR, and AS surpassed the WHO and Ethiopian drinking water quality standards. The pH of the water samples at GUB, CHR, AS, TKR-1, LOM and AR were below the drinking water quality standards. The total and fecal coliform counts of the water samples at GM, GUB, CHR, AS, LOM and AR were found to be above the WHO and Ethiopian drinking water quality standards, 0 CFU/100 ml. The bacterial content of the water samples at GM, LOM and AR were grossly polluted and not in harmony with the reference values set out by WHO and Ethiopian drinking water quality standards. Thus, the water quality of the studied sites was not found in the safe limit of human drinking water. The pollution of these drinking water sources could be associated with the discharge of animal and human feaces, and chemical and fertilizer leachates from agricultural activities. 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z