http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/1772 2001-01-13T06:36:34Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/13047 EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) GENOTYPES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE Seyoum Asefie In the present study, a total of 36 kabuli chickpea genotypes consisting of two tolerant check genotypes pooled from ICRISAT, !CARDA and Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center were evaluated under field experiment.for their agronomic and drought tolerant performances. All of the tested genotypes under field condition was further evaluated in Polyvinyl chloride cylinder (PVC) experiments for the evaluation of their root traits. The field trial was made in "Lattice design" in both stressed and non stressed condition with two replications for each set of experiment at Kobo in 2013. The PVC experiment was conducted by using randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant variation (P < 0. OJ) was observed for all evaluated traits of chickpea genotypes under field and PVC experiments. The highest yield under moisture stressed and non stressed conditions offield experiment was obtained by Koba and X07TH- 21-2. Among the tested genotypes !CCV- 11305 (58 gram) and !CCV- 11307 (54 gram) recorded the maximum seeds weight KOBO, EJERE, J-JABRU, AKURl YELBE, X07TH-21-2, JCCV-07313 and !CCV- 11306 expressed theit maximum potential of root length under PVC environment. Harvest index, biomass, number of pods and seeds per plant showed the highest positive and significant correlation with grain yield under stressed condition offield experiment. Higher heritability and genetic advances was obtained on grain yield, number of pods and seeds per.plant, harvest index, number of secondary branches per plant and days taken to maturity. The traits, which revealed high amount of heritability and genetic advance were controlled by additive genes, which advocated the chances of the improvement. Differences were observed among genotypes in their reactions to drought based on drought susceptibility index (DSI), yield stability index (J'S!) and tolerance index (TOL) under field condition. As the overall performances, genotypes KOBO, ICCV-09-307, X07TH-Jl82 and !CCV- 92311 were the superior genotypes due to their early phenology, higl, yield and deep rooted potential as well as their large seed and drought tolerance characters and KOBO variety has to be recommended for breeding materials and production since it was released variety. 2022-02-23T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/13045 GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AND YIELD STABILITY EVALUATION OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) VARIETIES IN WESTERN AMHARA, ETHIOPIA. Misganaw Fered The experiment was conducted at experimental sites of Adet Agricultural Research Center namely Finoteselam, Adet, Simada, Jnjibara and Debretabor in 2014 cropping season under rain fed condition. In Ethiopia, although there are recently released and better performing bread wheat varieties, Western Amhara Region farmers grow relatively older varieties. The objectives of the experiment were to evaluate the nature and extent of genotype by environment interaction in grain yield and to examine yield stability of varieties in western Amhara region. Twelve bread wheat varieties were used as experimental treatments. The varieties were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications per site. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among genotypes across environments (P-::..0.01). Ga'ambo (G4) depicted higher grain yield and stem, stripe and leaf rust resistance, whereas Kubsa (G 12) showed a lowest grain yield and susceptible for stem, stripe and leaf rust in all environments. Ogolcho and Tsehay also showed a higher grain yield at most environment except at Injibara, and rust resistant except stripe rust at Simada. Some bread wheat genotypes such as Kubsa and Gassay have lost high yielding and rust resistance potential. Kubsa, Hidase, Huluka and Gassay should not be used for production over the tested environment. Shorima and Danda 'a in all locations except Finoteselam, and Tay in all locations except Simada could be recommended for production. Environments E3 and E4 were showed close similarity, while E2 was quite different from the tested environments. Bread wheat breeders should be focused not only on yield and yield related traits, but also on disease resistance improvements. Molecular study will also be needed to identify high yielding, rust resistance QTLs or genes and to improve the durability of rust disease resistance by introgressing multiple resistance genes into elite bread wheat genotypes. 2022-02-23T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/13044 AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION of INTRODUCED UPLAND RICE GENOTYPES at FOGERA in NORTH WESTERN ETHIOPIA MERSHA TEZER Agro-morphological characterization is basic in order to provide information for plant breeding programs. Forty nine upland rice genotypes were tested in 7*7 simple lattice design at Fogera in Wereta station of Adet Agricultural Research Center in 2012113. The objectives of the study were to estimate the genetic variability, genetic divergence among the genotypes and to cluster them in divergent clusters. Analysis of variance revealed that there was highly significant difference among the 49 genotypes for all the characters studied. Accessions IR 78937-B-3-B-B-l and IR 78937-B-3-B-B-2 had the highest yield with a score of 5374.5 kg/ha and 5305. 6 kg/ha respectively. The high yielding genotype IR 78937-B-3-B-B-l had a yield advantage of 57% and 22.2%, respectively, as compared to standard checks Nerica-4 and Hidasie. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values ranged from 2.5% for panicle length to 49.98% for number of spikelet per panicle. While the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) rangedfrom 2.4 %for panicle length to 47.6 % for number of spike let per panicle. Number of tiller per plant (22. 47%), number spikelet per panicle (49.98%), thousand seed weight (25.56%) and yield (23.93%) had higher PCV values. The PCV values for flag leaf length (14. 79%), flag leaf width (16. 12%), and culm length (16.42%) and number of panicle per plant (16. 32%) were medium. Flowering cycle (7.81%), maturation cycle (2.9%), and panicle length (2.5%) had lower PCV values. GCV values were low for flowering cycle (7.21%), maturation cycle (1.82%) and panicle length (2.4%); mediumfor flag leaf length (14.26%),flag leaf width (15.39%), culm length (15.19 %) and number ofpanicle per plant (15. 72%); high for number of tillers per plant (22.18 %), yield (23. 07%), thousand seed weight (25.18%) and number of spikelet per panicle (47. 60%). The high GCV values of these characters suggest that genetic impact is higher and environmental influence is lower. Cluster analysis grouped the 49 genotypes in to 9 distinct clusters. Clusters I and II were the largest clusters (34. 7%) containing 17 genotypes together. Cluster III, IV and V had 21 genotypes 7 genotypes each (42.9%). Principal component analysis showed that the first four principal components had explained about 85 % of the total variation. This study generally had indicated that there was significant genetic variability or divergence among the genotypes. Thus, the improvement program of the upland rice genotypes through direct selection rather than a lengthy crossing program is recommended. 2022-02-23T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/13040 VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE OF UPLAND RICE (Oryza sativa L) GENOTYPES IN FOGERA DISTRICT, NORTH WESTERN ETHIOPIA Demewez Fentie To assess the range of variability, heritability and genetic advance and association between yield and yield component traits of rice, field experiment was conducted using twelve upland rice genotypes during 2013 main cropping season at Woreta Rice Research Center. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications under rain fed situations. The analysis of variance (ANO VA) showed significant difference nearly for all traits tested except panicle length and number of fertile tiller per plant. Grain yield ranged from 2340 kg/ha (FOFIFA-3737) to 3400 kg/ha (AD-48) with a mean value of 2868 kg/ha. The maximum yield was obtained from AD-48(3400 kg/ha) followed by AD­ O] (3396kg/ha) and AD-I 2 (3278kglha). High to medium phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability were observed for thousand grain weight, biomass yield and grain yield. High broad sense heritability estimates were observed for thousand seed weight, days to 75% maturity, days to 50% heading, days to 50% flowering and biomass yield kg/ha. This indicating the influence of environment on these traits is less. Hence, plant breeders may use these traits in their rice improvement programme. Jn addition, high to medium heritability and genetic advance were observed for plant height, thousand grain weight, biomass yield and grain yield. This shows that selection based on these traits can be achieved through their phenotypic performance. Therefore, these traits could be improved more easily than other characters measured in this study. Parameters such as days to 75% maturity, panicle length, plant height, number of fertile tiller per plant, number of spike let per panicle, number of filled grain per panicle and biomass yield had a positive and significant correlation with grain yield. A positive and significant estimation of correlation indicated a strong association of these traits with yield. The genotypes AD-48, AD-OJ and AD-I 2 had high grain yield, hence they can be preferable choice for cultivation in upland ecosystem. Further study on adaptation trial should be conducted for the less performing genotypes under irrigation and less rainy season areas. To improve upland rice grain yield breeders should select genotypes comprising of greater plant height, number of spikelet per panicle, number of filled grain per panicle and biomass yield. To broaden the genetic variability of upland rice and its productivity, further work should be done on introduction of new genotypes and adaptation of released varieties under different ecosystems. 2022-02-23T00:00:00Z