http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/1642 2026-08-27T20:12:16Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/17086 Diagnostic Accuracy Of Ultrasound In Characterization Of Thyroid Nodule Compared To Fnac Results And Associated Factors In Predicting Malignancy In Patients Visiting Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital For Thyroid Nodule Scanning Getahun, Simegnew Thyroid nodules are a common problem in clinical practice, caused by congenital anomalies, inflammatory pathologies, and tumors. Thyroid nodules are a common endocrine problem, and while most are benign, differentiating between benign and malignant nodules is crucial for appropriate patient management. Ultrasonography (US) is the primary imaging modality for evaluating thyroid nodules and has high sensitivity of detecting benign nodules but its accuracy in definitively diagnosing malignancy can vary. Even though Final diagnosis relies on FNAC and histopathology of surgical specimens, every patient with thyroid nodules are not candidate for FNAC and histopathology diagnosis. This study aims to assess the accuracy of ultrasound characterisation of thyroid nodules compared with FNAC to reduce non-eligible patients from the invasive FNAC and histopathology procedure and avoid unnecessary surgery. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in the characterisation of thyroid nodules compared to the fine needle aspiration results in patients visiting Tibebe Ghion hospital for thyroid scanning from December to January 2026 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/14870 Sensitivity of Chest Radiograph and Associated Factors in Diagnosing Covid-19 Pneumonia at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Ahmed, Adem Background: COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), an ongoing global pandemic is one of the causes of viral pneumonia. It is infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It mainly affects respiratory system resulting in mild symptom to severe respiratory distress. The definitive test for SARS-CoV-2 is the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test. Although less sensitive than chest CT, chest radiography is typically the first-line imaging modality used for patients suspected with COVID- 19. Its sensitivity and specificity are variably reported from 31-69% and 60-80% respectively. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine sensitivity of chest radiograph in diagnosing Covid-19 pneumonia and associated factors Methods and materials: Institutional based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 331 COVID-19 suspected patients ( 256 PCR/RDT positive and 75 negative) admitted to Tibebe Ghion specialized Hospital isolation center between June and September 2022 in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Structured questionnaire was used to extract patients’ clinical data and CXR imaging findings by assigned residents and principal investigator. Data was entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess factors related to sensitivity of chest radiographs. Independent variables having a p value less than 0.05 in the analysis was considered as a significant association. Result: Sensitivity of CXR in diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia was 89.8% with positive predictive value of 84.2%. The specificity of CXR was 42.7% with NPV of 55.2%. There is increased rate of false negative CXR findings in younger age group (18-30yrs), mild disease, early patient presentation and absence of comorbidity. A multivariable logistic regression analysis showed mild disease and younger age group (18-30yrs) to have significant association. The younger age group (18-30yrs) of patients are 5.9 times more likely to have normal (negative) chest radiograph as compared to older age group (>60yrs) [AOR = 5.92, 95% CI (1.8-18.85%)]. Patients with mild disease are 3.8 times more likely to have negative chest radiograph as compared to patients with critical disease [AOR= 3.8, 95% CI (1-15)]. Most common CXR finding was bilateral mid to lower lung field patchy air space opacity with peripheral predominant distribution which was found in 55.4% of COVID-19– positive cases, versus 26% of COVID-19–negative cases. Peripheral patchy airspace opacities and diffuse bilateral lung opacity were also more common in COVID-19–positive cases than test negative cases (21% vs 4%, and 6% vs 2%, respectively). Conclusion: The result shows that chest radiography can detect COVID-19 infection in symptomatic patients and can be used as alternative diagnostic modality in absence of viral tests. It can also serve as a good screening tool in a busy setting to avoid unnecessary delay. Key words: Chest radiograph, sensitivity, COVID-19 2022-09-09T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/14869 The Magnitude of Traumatic Head Injuryas Diagnosed on Computed Tomography and Associated Factors at Felge Hiwot Hospital Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia 2014 E.C. Hailu, Yines Introduction: Head trauma constitutes a major part of public health problem worldwide particularly among the young population. Computerized tomography is the recommended first line imaging modality to identify injuries associated with head trauma. On previous studies magnitude of head injury was studied based on clinical diagnosis and associations were seen with male gender, young age and lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) status. Road traffic accidents and assault were the two commonest causes with variation across studies. But little is known about magnitude of head injury using computerized tomography and how clinical characteristics and other factors affect magnitude of traumatic head injury using CT imaging. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study with prospective data collection involved 324 patients with head injury imaged with computerized tomography at FHSH from Miazia to Nehassie 2014 E.C. CT findings and clinical information were collected using well-structured questioner. The data were entered, cleaned and checked using SPSS version 23. The recorded data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and logistic regression. Results: Majority [71%, 95% CI (66-76)] had CT positive findings with 57.8% had more than one findings. Skull fracture was the commonest finding seen in 156(48.1%) followed by contusion seen in 118(36.4%). Males were involved in 78.7% of the cases, making male to female ratio of 3.8:1. The age range 20-40years was the most frequently affected group, (74.4%). Assault was the mechanism of injury in 188 (58%), RTA in 94(29%), and fall accident in 42(13 %) of injuries. Age range 20-40[AOR=3.3; 95%CI (2.27- 4.87)], male gender [AOR = 3.86; 95%CI (1.12-13.19)], rural residence [AOR = 3.14; 95%CI (1.13-8.72)], history of loss of consciousness [AOR = 10; 95%CI (3.16-32.1)], vomiting [AOR = 13.93; 95% CI (1.8-107)] and alcohol consumption [AOR = 5.81; 95%CI(1.03-32.6)] were significantly associated with positive CT scan findings. Conclusion: This study has found that most head injuries have positive CT findings. Young male patients, those who came from rural area and those having history of loss of consciousness and vomiting are at increased risk of head injuries with positive CT findings. Therefore computerized tomography service for evaluation of traumatic head injury patients should be available in health care centers and decisive measures should be taken to decrease head injury as it mainly affects productive human force. Key Words: Traumatic Head Injury, Mechanism of Injury, fracture, computerized tomography, assault 2015-09-09T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/14868 Radiographic Patterns of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis in Patients Visiting Orthopedic Clinic at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Azmeraw, Birhan Background; Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic rheumatic disorder in the world. It results in joint pain, tenderness and significant disability. Osteoarthritis of hip and knee is very important in terms of its public health significance. Significant morbidity and disability usually results from osteoarthritis of these sites. Though osteoarthritis is common, the radiologic and socio demographic patterns vary among different studies. Delayed health seeking behavior of the community in our country makes the prevalence of osteoarthritis to be underestimated. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the radiographic pattern of hip and Knee OA among in patients visiting orthopedic clinic at TGSH from Feb 2022 to June 2022. Materials and Methods: Hospital based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 225 Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis patients in TGSH to determine the pattern of hip and knee OA. Interviewer administered structured questioner was used in data collection. Data was cleaned for Completeness and then entered into SPSS version 25 manually then analysis was done. Results: A total of 225 patients with Hip and Knee osteoarthritis were studied. 59.1% of the participants were female and 49.9% were male. Of these patients 163 had knee OA and 62 had Hip OA. The mean age was 45.67 ±SD 13.607 years. Among Knee OA Obese participants were 30 (18.4%) and 66 (40.49%) were overweight. Among Hip OA Obese participants were 8 (12.9%) and 35 (56.4%) were overweight. There were 106 (64.1%) participants with bilateral knee disease while 34 (54.8) had bilateral hip disease. Trauma history with AOR and 95% CI 27.038(12.200-59.926) was found to show significant association with unilateral joint involvement pattern. Conclusion and recommendation: The study showed that Knee OA was more common than Hip osteoarthritis. MTF compartment and patellofemoral compartment involvement was more common compartment involvement. Females and middle aged were more commonly affected by OA. Majority of patients were obese and overweight. Educational status completed secondary and history of trauma were significantly associated with unilateral involvement pattern of osteoarthritis. We recommend population based study to be done on large sample size regarding prevalence and pattern of OA in Ethiopia and to evaluate the impact of obesity and trauma in the development of OA. Key word: compartment, osteoarthritis 2022-09-09T00:00:00Z