http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/15257 2001-01-13T00:21:26Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/15269 Rural Household Resilience to Food Insecurity: The case of Mekiet District, North Wollo Zone, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia Asfaw, Tadsual Many governments, policymakers, international aid agencies, and developmental organizations distributed millions of dollars for reducing the impact of food insecurity in developing countries including Ethiopia. Mekiet is one of the districts in Amhara region which is highly prone to food insecurity. At present, one of the solutions to reduce food insecurity is building resilience at households’ level. Therefore, this study aims to address the rural household resilience to food insecurity in Mekiet District. This study assess the dimensions of rural household resilience to food insecurity and analyze the relationships of RIMA and TANGOs measures of resilience. Crosssectional research design was conducted in two agro ecological zones of Mekiet district from kolla and woyna-dega involving 228 respondents. The study employed mixed method research, whereby both quantitative and qualitative approach were applied. Multi-stage sampling techniques were employed to select the district, kebeles and sample households. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation model were employed to analyze the data. The result from structural equation modelling in RIMA approach showed that the latent variables of adaptive capacity, asset, and social safety net have value of (-1.45), (-0.66), and (-0.99), respectively, those are significant and strong negative values. On the other hand, access to basic service is significant and positive value of 1. The result from factor analysis in TANGO approach showed that the latent variables of absorptive and adaptive capacity has a load of 0.98 and 0.79 respectively. On the other hand, transformative capacity is found to be negative load (-0.78), all variables are found to be statistically significant. The mean household resilience capacity index in RIMA or TANGO methods are 0.54 and 0.51 respectively. Thus, both approaches are fairly similar. Therefore, households that own better access to RIMA and TANGO dimensions are found to be highly resilient to food insecurity. The study recommends, the resilience programs should be implement at district, community, and households levels to enhance household resilience to food insecurity. 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/15268 Drivers and Impact of Urban Expansion on Livelihood Assets of Peri-Urban Farmers in The Case of Debark Town, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia zerihun, Kibur Urban expansion-induced displacement is becoming a major concern in Ethiopia, within different parts of the region. Debark is one of rapidly urbanizing town in Amhara region. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the drivers and impacts of urban expansion on livelihood assets of peri-urban farmers in Debark town. This study was mainly focused on drivers and its impacts on livelihood assets and land use land cover change. Cross sectional survey was applied in three peri urban kebeles of Debark town on 282 (139 displaced and 143 non-displaced) households. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approach. Multi stage sampling technique was employed to select the study area, kebeles, and sample households. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, logistic regression model integrated with propensity score matching methods were used to analyze the data. Supervised maximum likelihood classification technique used to map land use land cover change. The results found from key informants indicated that, rural to urban migration, increasing natural population, and economic development were the major drivers of urban expansion. The result found from econometric model showed that the impacts of urban expansion on peri urban farmers’ livelihood assets, natural, financial, and social capital were decreased for displaced households at a value of (-0.443), (-0.172), and (-0.166) respectively, with significant and negative value. In contrary, physical capital for displaced households was increased by 0.177. As a result, the average livelihood assets were decreased for displaced households at a value of (-0.159) and significant at p<0.01 indicates at 1% significance levels. The results from land use land cover detection indicated that in the study periods, the built-up area increased at the expanse of cultivated and forest land by +14.8%, 12.1% and 26.9% with corresponding year 2001 to2013, 2013 to 2021 and 2001 to 2021 respectively. Finally, the study recommends that, the urban expansion program should be based on the consideration of livelihood asset of peri urban farmers’ analysis before expansion. 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/15267 Effects of Climate Variability on Crop Diversity over the Agroecological Zones of Gumara Watershed, Northwest Highlands of Ethiopia Mulu, Belay Ethiopia is a home for a number of food crop varieties suited to the dry and high temperature conditions. It varies from Denakil Desert to cool wet alpine highlands in climate variability. The vigorous indigenous crops were growing in a diversified manner in their agroecological suitable area across Ethiopia as well as Gumara watershed. But starting from some years back, the diversely growing of those crops are affected by climate variability. The study area is one of the richest areas in indigenous crop types and faced with the aforementioned problem. Thus, the study aimed to analyse the trend of climate and the decadal dynamics of the crop diversity in the watershed. The Gridded Satellite and observed historical climate data from 1987-2016 period and crop-climate history were the data sources. Using the MannKendall test and Sen’s Slopes estimator, for trend, rating of Food and Agriculture Organization crop-climate requirement, for crop diversity dynamics were employed methods of data analysis respectively. The result indicated non-significantly increasing of decadal Kiremit rainfall in 27mm at Weyna Dega and 43mm at Dega agroecological zones. The kiremit season temperature variables are in a statistically significant increasing trends at all zones. In general, 0.4 o c of decadal increments of minimum and maximum and 0.5 c of mean temperature increment is recorded in the watershed. The recent period of decadal increment in maximum temperature negatively affecting most selected indigenous crops at the lower elevation and helps to move the crops forward to the higher elevation. The local farmers perception results agreed with the historical climate data analysis. Improved crop verities shall be introduced to the watershed agroecological zones. The traditional agroecological zone classification system of Ethiopia must be systematically updated. In order to detect the detail information on crop-climate associations/ effects of climate variability on crop diversity, the yearly analysis rather than decadal analysis; shall be suggested respectively for governments and future researches. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/15266 The Impact of Ngos Program on Households Annual Income in Lasta District, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia Tegegne, Adugnaw Improving household income source is a prerequisite for sustainable development and pro-poor growth in developing nations. Achieving this objective requires poorest inclusive sound policy and holistic approach were important. Poor base issues like food security, any income generative activity, improved productions and capacity building to also be integrated into any development programs. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the impact of programs on household income in Lasta District. Data were generated from 262 households using a systematic sampling technique from sample kebeles. The study used both primary and secondary data. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and econometric models were used to analyze the collected data. The collected qualitative data from key informants and FGD were interpreted by using narrative tools. PSM model were employed to analyze determinants of a beneficiary and program's impact on household annual income. Household size, land size, and having off-income were statistically significant at 1% probability, whereas the age of the households was significant at 5%, while saving ability, credit access, market distance, households educations status, sex of households and marital status were less significant. The propensity score estimation for matching has resulted in 127 non-beneficiaries households matching with 114 beneficiary households. 241 households were identified and considered as impact estimation process after discarding 21 households. A balance test was applied to check the balance of relevant variables in both groups after matching. The test result indicates that after matching no significant variation between the groups. Finally, the kernel matching estimator was selected as a best matching algorithm to evaluate the impact. Therefore, the model result shows that the households’ income scores of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries were 30879.63 ETB and 19889.24 ETB. The study concludes that there is a positive mean difference between the two groups on annual income 10989.82 ETB. Based on the finding, the program should primarily focus on addressing constraints (i.e. Lack of capital and weak market chain). 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z