http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/14127 2001-01-13T06:39:21Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16666 Microbial Quality and Antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Goat meat at Backyard Slaughter and Butcher Shops, Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia Sewagegn Lamesgin Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of food poisoning brought on by consuming Staphylococcal enterotoxins-tainted food. A cross sectional study conducted between November 2022 and April 2023 and with a semi-structured questionnaire were used to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of handling along the goat meat supply chain from backyard slaughterhouses to butcher shops. A total of 231 samples were collected simple random sampling. Enumeration of total viable bacterial count and staphylococcus aureus count and antibiogram susceptibility test. The isolated rate of S. aureus from raw meat, cooked meat, and swab samples was 35.56%, 20%, and 44.44%, respectively. The mean values of Total Viable bacterial count in brisket, neck, and thigh muscle of goat meat processed at slaughterhouses were 2.52, 4.26, and 4.41 log cfu/gm., respectively and it was statistically significant (P=0.009). And from cutting board, personnel hand, and knives swab samples taken at butcher shops were 4.68, 4.67, and 5.14 log cfu/ml, respectively. The Total mean value of the Staphylococcus count from goat meat and swab samples were 2.83 log cfu/gm. and 3.57 log cfu/ml, and statistically significant (P=0.000 and P=0.001, respectively. From the 45 S. aureus isolates 31(68.89%) have developed multidrug resistance. Among the interviewed of respondents the sources of carcass contaminations were no received training on hygienic handling of food, no refrigerate meat after processing and have no awareness about carcass contamination were 67.74%, 83.87%, and 87.1% respectively. Therefore Staphylococcus aureus isolates have developed various multidrug resistances; the common multiple resistance pattern was to the combination of Gentamycin, Sulfonamides and Ampicillin. Veterinarians and human healthcare professionals should work in collaboration to create public awareness about the serious health risks involved with the consumption of unhygienic meat and create awareness about misused of drug. 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/15415 Occurrence and Antibiograms of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Isolated From selected Abattoirs and Butcher Shops in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia Aschalew Ayisheshim Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a cause of foodborne disease and global public health issues especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. A cross sectional study was done from January 2022 to July 2022 in Awi Zone to assess the occurrence and antibiograms of E. coli O157:H7. Abattoirs and butcher shops were selected purposively, whereas a systematic random and purposive sampling technique was employed to select study units in abattoirs and butcher shops respectively. A total of 248 swab samples were collected, isolated, and confirmed using bacteriological culture, biochemical tests, and latex agglutination tests. E. coli O1157: H7 antibiogram tests were performed using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. A questionnaire survey was used to assess abattoirs and butcher shop workers' knowledge, attitudes, and hygiene practices towards meat hygiene. Logistic regression was used to analyze and measure the degree of association between the presumed risk factors and E. coli O157:H7 occurrence. The overall occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 was estimated to be 8.87% and a relative higher (11.29%) occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 was recorded at butcher shops when compared to abattoirs (6.45%). All isolates were susceptible to gentamicin followed by chloramphenicol (81.81%). About 81.81% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and 77.23% of isolates were developed MDR. About 74.19% of abattoir workers were never heard E. coli O157:H7 as a causative agent for foodborne disease and 9.67% butcher shop workers have no information about the ways of meat contamination. About 90.32% abattoir and all butcher shop workers wear appropriate personal protective equipment and aprons & hair cover respectively. Inconclusion, E. coli O157:H7 was detected in the study area. Thus, educating abattoir and butcher shop workers, and consumers, on hygienic handling practices and safe consumption of meat could eliminate foodborne infection associated with E. coli O157:H7 occurrence. 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/15127 Sero-Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Sheep and its Zoonotic Importance in Hargiesa, Somaliland Abdiqani Mohamed Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection with public health importance. When pregnant women acquires infection, it may led to congenital toxoplasmosis culminating in fetal losses and congenital abnormalities. A cross-sectional study was conducted on slaughtered sheep in Mandeeq Slaughter House and Pregnant Women attending antenatal care at in Hargiesa group from June 2021 to December 2021.Therefore, this study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep and pregnant women attending antenatal care at Hargiesa Group Hospital. Four hundred sera were collected from slaughtered sheep at Mandeeq slaughter house and two hundred serum samples were taken from pregnant women attending Hargiesa group hospital. Data on socio-demographic and potential risk factors were collected from each study using systematic random sampling method. Sera were examined for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using latex agglutination test. Multiple logistic regression model was used to establish the association between toxoplasmosis and associated potential risk factors and P-value less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. The overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep slaughtered in Mandeeq Slaughter House during the study period were 25.5% and 28% in sheep and human respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that female (AOR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.38 - 3.47; p = 0.001) and young age groups (AOR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.04-8.86; p = 0.041) of sheep were significantly associated with Toxoplasma gondii sero-positivity. In pregnant women, age groups between 25-34 AOR = 2. 76; 95% CI: 1.07 - 7.14; P = 0.037), pregnant women who have cats in their home (AOR = 6.45; 95% CI: 2.37-17.52 ; P = 0.000) ,women who have close contact with garden soil (AOR = 6.74; 95% CI: 2.55-17.81 ; P = 0.000), poor hand washing before eating (AOR = 29.5; 95% CI: 5.41– 161.11 ; P= 0.004) and drinking tap water (AOR = 9.99; 95% CI: 2.75 - 36.12; P = 0.013) were significantly associated with Toxoplasma gondii sero-positivity. In conclusion, toxoplasmosis is prevalent in Hargeisa. Therefore, pregnant women should avoid close contact with cats and garden soil. 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/15119 Identification and Risk Factor Assessment of Campylobacter Species in Backyard Chickens in Households with Diarrheic Children In Bahir Dar Zura District, Ethiopia Andargachew Misganaw Campylobacter is one of the most significant foodborne pathogens in the world and poultry is considered as the main reservoir of the bacteria. Although the significance of commercial poultry in the development of campylobacteriosis is well documented, little is known about the possible contribution of backyard chickens as a direct animal/faecal contact or exposure pathway for consumption. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to February 2022 to isolate and identify Campylobacter species and assess its associated risk factors from backyard chicken feces in Bahir Dar zuria district. Using standard cultural and biochemical techniques, a total number of 179 samples were subjected to Campylobacter isolation and identification. During sample collection data on backyard chicken management, biosecurity, and hygiene practices were collected using a structured questionnaire. The risk factors were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression with the significant levels of P-value less than 0.05. Out of 179 fecal samples processed, the rate of recovery of Campylobacters was 71 (39.7%); of which 51 (71.83%) were found to be C. jejuni, 9(12.67%) were C. coli, 4(5.63%) were C. lari and 7(9.86%) were unidentified isolates. Regarding to risk factors the multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that Campylobacter positivity was significantly increased by the following factors: chickens kept with other animals (OR = 3.26; 95% CI = 1.42- 7.47), backyard spread of manure (OR: 11.29; 95% CI: 2.36 - 54.02) and chickens from rural areas (OR = 9.06; 95% CI = 3.59-22. 84). However, the presence of working latrine had protective effect (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.12 - 0.60). The present study revealed the presence of high level of Campylobacter species in 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z