http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/14030 2026-10-13T03:24:35Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/17349 Microbial Quality and Antibiogram of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates from Goat Meat At Backyard Slaughter and Butcher Shops, Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia Lamesgin, Sewagegn Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of food poisoning brought on by consuming Staphylococcal enterotoxins-tainted food. A cross sectional study conducted between November 2022 and April 2023 and with a semi-structured questionnaire were used to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of handling along the goat meat supply chain from backyard slaughterhouses to butcher shops. A total of 231 samples were collected simple random sampling. Enumeration of total viable bacterial count and staphylococcus aureus count and antibiogram susceptibility test. The isolated rate of S. aureus from raw meat, cooked meat, and swab samples was 35.56%, 20%, and 44.44%, respectively. The mean values of Total Viable bacterial count in brisket, neck, and thigh muscle of goat meat processed at slaughterhouses were 2.52, 4.26, and 4.41 log cfu/gm., respectively and it was statistically significant (P=0.009). And from cutting board, personnel hand, and knives swab samples taken at butcher shops were 4.68, 4.67, and 5.14 log cfu/ml, respectively. The Total mean value of the Staphylococcus count from goat meat and swab samples were 2.83 log cfu/gm. and 3.57 log cfu/ml , and statistically significant (P=0.000 and P=0.001, respectively. From the 45 S. aureus isolates 31(68.89%) have developed multidrug resistance. Among the interviewed of respondents the sources of carcass contamination s were no received training on hygienic handling of food, no refrigerate meat after processing and have no awareness about carcass contamination were 67.74%, 83.87%, and 87.1% respectively. Therefore Staphylococcus aureus isolates have developed various multidrug resistances; the common multiple resistance pattern was to the combination of Gentamycin, Sulfonamides and Ampicillin. Veterinarians and human healthcare professionals should work in collaboration to create public awareness about the serious health risks involved with the consumption of unhygienic meat and create awareness about misused of drug 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/17208 Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors and Anti-Microbial Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcus Aureus in Different Dairy Production System, Chagni District, Northwest Ethiopia Wodaje, Ahmed A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2022 to June 2023 at Chagni cattle breeding and improvement Ranch, and small holder-dairy farms to estimate the prevalence and the anti-microbial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from infected cows. The study was conducted on 318 lactating cows selected by simple random sampling techniques in the study areas. The data was analysed using statistical tools. Based on the CMT result and clinical examination, of the 318 cows examined, 44.1%(140/318) were positive for mastitis. Out of this, 35.9% and 8.2% had sub-clinical and clinical mastitis at cow level, respectively. From 1272 quarters examined 55(4.3%) were blind, and 20% (243/1272) were positive for mastitis. In the multivariable logistic regression model, factors significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the occurrence of mastitis were age, breed, management system, lactation stage, parity, floor type, and tick on the teat at Chagni cattle breeding and improvement Ranch. In addition, age, lactation stage, and tick on teat were independently associated with mastitis occurrenc in small-holder dairy farms (p<0.05). Staphylococcus aureus isolates were detected in 45.7% (64/140) of the samples, of which 9 (34.6%) and 55 (48.2%) isolates from clinical and subclinical mastitis cases, respectively. All (n = 64) isolates of S. aureus were tested for their susceptibility to eight selected antimicrobials. The isolates were highly susceptible to sulfamethoxazole (87.5%) and Gentamycin (79.7 %) followed by Tetracycline (75%), Erythromycin (72%), and Azithromycin (71.8%). However, they were highly resistant to Cefoxitin (65.6%), followed by Tetracycline and ciprofloxacin (25%). The high prevalence of masitis in the study area, more importantly the sub-clinical one. And isolates of S. aureus were resistant to a number of drugs. Hence, implementing hygienic conditions, creating awareness on the control and prevention of subclinical mastitis in dairy farms, and rational use of drugs are recommended. 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/17203 Prevalence and Economic Losses of Mastitis in and Around Injibara Town Dairy Farms, North West Ethiopia Bitew, Abera Mastitis is a major prevalent and costly disease among dairy industries worldwide, causing a reduction in milk yield and quality, increased milk wastage. A cross-sectional study was carried out from April to August 2024, to estimate prevalence of mastitis, identify potential risk factors, to isolate common mastitis causing pathogens and to assess awareness of disease among participants in and around Injibara dairy farms. One stage cluster sampling method was used to select representative sample of a population. Besides, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 47 dairy farm attendants to quantify economic losses. Out of interviewed attendants 48.94%, 53.19% and 42.55% had knowledge, positive attitude and good preventive practice towards mastitis disease respectively. A total of 47 dairy farms, 282 lactating cows and 1,128 quarters were tested using California Mastitis Test kit and physical examination. The present study revealed that the overall prevalence of bovine mastitis at herd, cow and quarter level was 55.32%, 17.38% and 6.59% respectively. Out of 282 cows tested 4.26% clinical and 13.12% was sub-clinical mastitis. Multivariable logistic regression showed that cross breed (AOR: 10.67; 95% CI: 2.524 – 45.091, P = 0.001), poor body condition (AOR: 5.95, 95% Cl: 1.282 – 27.586, P = 0.023), and previous history of mastitis (AOR: 35.14; 95% CI: 9.834 – 125.6, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with mastitis. The common mastitis causing pathogens isolated in this study were Staphylococci (56.52%), Streptococci (21.74%), E.coli (13.04%) and mixed growth (8.70%). The overall economic loss in the current study was 4,354.90 USD comprising 910.65 USD due to sub-clinical mastitis, 636.56 USD from clinical mastitis, and 2,807.69 USD results from decreased cow value of affected cows. On average, the economic losses per farm were 145.16 USD, while 67 USD were lost per infected dairy cow in one lactation period. In conclusion, this result revealed that the prevalence of mastitis was found to be moderate, with a considerable economic loss in and around Injibara town. This prevalence had a significantly impact on the productivity of dairy herds in the study area. The objective of study was to estimate the economic losses associated with mastitis. This necessitates an evidence based integrated prevention and control strategic measures to minimize prevalence and economic loss in the study area. 2025-07-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/17201 Incidence of Calf Diarrhea and Cryptosporidiosis in Bovine Calves in Urban and Peri Urban Areas of Bahirdar, North-Western Ethiopia Bitew, Biniyam A longitudinal prospective study design was conducted from February 2021 to September 2021 on calf diarrhea and cryptosporidiosis in urban and peri urban areas of Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. The specific objectives were: to quantify the incidence of calf diarrhea and cryptosporidiosis in bovine calves and also examining the association between calf diarrhea and cryptosporidiosis in bovine calves. Simple random sampling technique was employed to sample dairy farms, whereas one stage cluster sampling was used to sample dairy calves. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the effect of predictor variables on calf diarrhea and cryptosporidiosis from birth to 90 days of calf age. Sheather’s sugar solution flotation techniques followed by Modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining technique was used to identify Cryptosporidium Oocysts. A total of 384 calves were considered for this study. Accordingly, of total calves examined 28.9% calves were diagnosed with diarrhea. Among diarrheic calves 52.25% of calves were diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis. The overall incidences rate of calf diarrhea and cryptosporidiosis found in this study were 41.2 cases per 100 calf three months at risk (risk rate of 33.76%) and 25.2 cases per 100 calf three months at risk (risk rate of 22.2%),respectively. Age of calf (<2months) (HR = 3.41, 95% CI; 2.153 - 7.117; P=0 .000), body condition (HR = 1.60, 95% CI; 0.541-3.685; P=0.000), season (HR = 2.167,95% CI; 1.044-3.716; P<0.022) were found significantly (P < 0.05) associated with diarrhea. Whereas, calf age (<2month) (HR = 5.997, 95% CI;3.190-11.273; P< 0.001), sex of calves (HR = 1.753, 95% CI; 1.121-2.742 P< 0.016), calf body condition (HR=2.358 , 95% CI; 1.08 - 4.48; P<0.026); and season (HR=0.57, 95% CI; 0.338- 0.963; P<0.036) were found significantly (P < 0.05) associated with cryptosporidiosis. Besides, this study revealed that the association between calf diarrhea and cryptosporidiosis was statistically significant (X 2 =125.35, P<0.001). Environmental hygiene, nutrition and health care can help to reduce the incidence of calf diarrhea and cryptosporidiosis in the study area. Moreover, the high prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in the study area might pose a significant public health concern which necessitates further in-depth investigation. 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z