http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/13992 2001-01-13T06:35:38Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/15351 Vulnerability to Climate Change and Coping Strategies: the CaseYilmanaDensa Woreda, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia Abeje Birie Climate change and variability are the concomitant serious global problems which cause smallholder farmers to remain vulnerable for various shocks across the world. The consequence of the problem is worst in developing countries. Despite the mitigating and adapting efforts of the government and smallholder farmers, Ethiopia is not exceptionally left from the impact of climate change problem. Therefore, this study aims to investigate smallholder farmers’ vulnerability and their coping strategies for climate change and variability. The data were collected through household survey from 646 households and focus group discussions sampled from the Dega, Woina Dega, and kola agroecology. Additionally, temperature data from the National Meteorological Agency's Bahir-Dar sub-office and rainfall data from gird data (CHIRPS data set) were collected and validated with neighboring stations. To analyze the data, the study employed descriptive analysis and binary and multi-variate probit econometric model to examine factors that influence farmers' decisions to choose ex-ante and ex-post coping strategies respectively, as well as the protection motivation theory and livelihood vulnerability framework for vulnerability analysis. The Mann-Kendall Trend Test was used to analyze temperature and precipitation trends.; The result of the study revealed that all agro-ecological zones are experiencing a substantial yearly increment in temperature, and varied rainfall pattern. The overall livelihood vulnerability index scores indicate that Kolla households are the most vulnerable followed by Dega and Woina-Dega households. Small-holder farmers' decisions towards ex-ante coping strategies adoption were depend on: extension service, tropical livestock unit, crop diversity index, risk probability perception, risk impact perception, response efficacy perception, self-efficacy, and per capita expenditure. On the other hand, smallholders were adopting, ex-post coping strategies based on market distance, gender, land holding, farm size, market distance, road distance, water distance to home, climate information, agro-ecology, family size, tropical livestock unit, crop diversity index, and dependency ratio. To lessen households' vulnerability to the adverse consequences of climate change and promote the use of ex-ante coping mechanisms, government initiatives in the areas of agro-forestation and infrastructural developments with giving special attention to Kolla and Dega agroecological zones are required. 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/15349 The Impact of Information Communication Technologies on Rural Households’ Sorghum Production and Productivity; Kallu District, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia Seid Adem As a result of some factors like inadequate extension and credit service, the crop sub-sector in Kallu district is characterized by low productivity. Sorghum crops are mainly affected by climate change, like increasing temperatures, changes in rain-fall patterns, and extreme weather events, as well as climate variability, low soil fertility, insects, and weeds. In this regard, information communication technologies bridge the gap between agricultural researchers, extension agents, and farmers by making information available on agricultural crops and related activities, thereby boosting crop production and productivity and minimizing risks. Thus, this research was aimed to evaluate the impacts of information and communication technologies on sorghum production and productivity. The study was conducted in Kallu district with 196 sample household heads determined by Cochran’s formula (119 users and 77 non-users) collected through multistage sampling techniques. The study used a survey, key informant interview, and focus group discussion to get primary data, as well as different articles, theses, reports, and websites as secondary sources. In this study, descriptive analysis (mean and frequency) and inferential statistics (t-test and chi-square test) and an econometric model such as multinomial logistic regression and propensity score matching were used to analyze the data. Based on the study, the four information communication technologies (TV, Radio, Mobile, and Pico) were applied in sorghum production at the three-farming cycle. The main determinants of household ICT choice decisions were sex, age, education level, farm income, network access, electric power access, social influence, information quality, price value, and perceptions regarding ICTs. The average yield difference per hectare between the treatment and control groups is 396.2 kg/hectare. Generally, ICTs could solve the information gap among farmers in every stage of farming and related activities. ICTs shall be given in a way that all farmers can get information as per their needs and situations. The impact of ICTs adoption on farmers' sorghum yield was positive. Based on the conclusions drawn, the study recommends that it is better to provide and scale up the coverage of ICT-based information to enhance smallholder productivity. 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/15345 Analysis of Haricot Bean Market Participation and Market Outlet Choice in Tachgayint District, Amhara Region, Ethiopia Fentabil Teka Haricot Bean is among the crucial food and export legume crops with extended marketing potential in Ethiopia. Likewise, it plays an important role in enhancing income and thereby ensuring the food security status of farm households in Tachgayint district of Amhara region Ethiopia. However, marketing challenges are critical to producer farmers’ decisions in the market. Aim of this study was to analyze market participation and outlet choice challenges. To draw data 207 Haricot Bean producer farmers selected using three-stage sampling techniques. Simple descriptive statistics, Heckman two-stage and multivariate Probit (MVP) models used to identify determinants of both market participation and market outlet choice decisions of the producers. The result shows about 82.6% of interviewed farmers have participated in selling Haricot Bean to market. The first stage of Heckman (probit) model result was found to be Haricot Bean producers increase the likelihood of participate in the market are have experience of farming, allocated more land for Haricot Bean, large number of oxen owned and received market information were affect positively and the rest participation on off/non-farm activities were negatively affected. The second Heckman (OLS) model result indicates the market participation extent increased by allocated more land for Haricot Bean, number of oxen owned, received agricultural training and received market information were found significant and positively affected. The multivariate probit result for Haricot Bean producers’ market outlet choice revealed a competitive relationship of wholesaler with collector, cooperative with collector and cooperative with wholesaler in the study area. Further, the model result also shows age of the household head, educational status of the household head, allocated land for Haricot Bean, agricultural training, distance to the market, membership of cooperative, participation of off and non-farm activities and access to market information were found to be significantly influencing the choice of households’ Haricot Bean market outlet. The study suggests strategies aiming for enhancing Haricot Bean market supply with appropriate market outlet choices should encourage farmers’ cooperative and linking them with terminal markets, enhancing yield, capacity building from production up to post-harvest handling, providing reliable and timely market information, improving poor road infrastructure need consider while developing strategies for the improvement of the marketing system. 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/15342 Adoption of Rope Pump for Irrigation Among Productive Safety Net Program Beneficiaries: The Case of Lay Gayint Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia Ayalew Adane Different scientific studies showed that agricultural technology adoption have been affected by a number of social, economical, environmental and demographic factors. Even though PSNP program takes a great initiative to distribute rope pump to the program beneficiaries to create irrigation water source so as to improve their livelihood in Lay Gayint Woreda , but factors that can affect adoption of rope pump yet not studied. That is why this study was conducted. The general objective of this study was to identify the major determinants and assess farmers’ perception on rope pump technology among Productive Safety Net Program beneficiaries. Lay Gayint Woreda and Four Kebeles were purposively selected. A total of 159 farmers were randomly selected and interviewed using semi- structured questionnaires. To examine farmers' perception likert scale was used. To define the characteristics of individual rope pump adopters and non-adopters, descriptive statistics such as mean and percentages were employed in the data analysis. To compare the individual rope pump adopter and nonadopter groups, t-test and chi-square analyses were used. Likert scale analysis indicated that sample respondents were praised for positive attributes such as environmental friendliness, short term impact, income diversification, extraction of water from deep ground, suitable for children and women, easy to operate, and easy to transport. On the other hand sample respondents were regarded unfavorable features of labor intensive, inapplicable to fragile soil, inaccessibility of accessories, susceptible to damage, and exposed to theft. The paper used a binary logit model to examine the factors that influence rope pump adoption. The logit regression includes a total of 11 explanatory variables. As a result of logistic regression households who are literate, with more family labor and who have backyard farm were more likely to adopt rope pump. On the other hand households who perceived theft as a risk, with more land holding size and far from the market center were less likely to adopt rope pump. Therefore, these factors need to be considered to increase rate of adoption of rope pump. 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z