http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/13194 2026-08-27T20:12:40Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/17084 Diagnostic Accuracy Of Ultrasound In Characterization Of Thyroid Nodule Compared To Fnac Results And Associated Factors In Predicting Malignancy In Patients Visiting Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital For Thyroid Nodule Scanning Yenew, Getnet Background: Thyroid nodules are a common problem in clinical practice, caused by congenital anomalies, inflammatory pathologies, and tumors. Thyroid nodules are a common endocrine problem, and while most are benign, differentiating between benign and malignant nodules is crucial for appropriate patient management. Ultrasonography (US) is the primary imaging modality for evaluating thyroid nodules and has high sensitivity of detecting benign nodules but its accuracy in definitively diagnosing malignancy can vary. Even though Final diagnosis relies on FNAC and histopathology of surgical specimens, every patient with thyroid nodules are not candidate for FNAC and histopathology diagnosis. This study aims to assess the accuracy of ultrasound characterisation of thyroid nodules compared with FNAC to reduce non-eligible patients from the invasive FNAC and histopathology procedure and avoid unnecessary surgery. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in the characterisation of thyroid nodules compared to the fine needle aspiration results in patients visiting Tibebe Ghion hospital for thyroid scanning from December to January 2026 . Methods: This study was conducted at Tibebe Ghion specialised hospital in an institution-based cross-sectional study in patients visiting Tibebe Ghion specialized hospital scanned for thyroid disease and nodules detected with ultrasound and FNAC results. From December,1 to January 30,2026. The data was collected by trained radiology residents from December 1 to January 30, 2025. In this study, all patients who full fill the inclusion criteria in the study period were included .The questioners included questions on patient demography, duration of the symptoms, ultrasound and FNAC findings. Data were che cked for completeness and consistency and the data was collected by kobo software and then analyzed by SPSS compute software based on specific and general objectives. The two by two tables used to calculate the dependent variables. The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was calculated from the two by two table. Binary regression using bivariate and multivariate factors used to show the association of each independent variable with the dependent variable. The total cost of this study estimated was 30,000 ETB. RESULT. Among 131 nodules 26(19.8%) were malignant and 105 (80.2%) were benign by FNAC. ultrasound demonstrated a sensitivity of 80.8 % and specificity of 81%.the overall diagnostic accuracy was 80.9%.the positive predictive value was 51.2% while the negative predictive value was 94.4%.the positive likelihood ratio was 4.25 and the negative likely hood ratio is 0.24.a statistically significant association was observed between ultrasound diagnosis and FNAC results (x2=36.92,p=0.001) Conclusion, This study show ultrasound has high accuracy to detect and characterize benign thyroid nodules and can be used as a sensitive screening tool and avoid unnecessary surgical interventions but ultrasound has limitation to diagnosis malignant nodules accurately so that FNAC and histopathogic examination is mandatory to confirm ultrasound malignant looking lesions. 2026-01-18T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/15521 Utilization And Associated Factor of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis For Hiv/Aids Among Key Population Group in Bure Town,North West Ethiopia,2022 Alelign, Anagaw BACKGROUND: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is use of antiretroviral drugs to sero negative highest risk people before potential exposure and continued throughout periods of the exposure to prevent the acquisition of HIV. WHO recommended pre-exposure prophylaxis as prevention for individual at substantial risk .However, use of PrEP remains low globally as well as in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess utilization, associated factors and barriers of PrEp uptake for HIV /AIDS among female sexual workers and sero discordant in Bure town, North West Ethiopia, 2022. METHODS: Community based cross-sectional study triangulated with phenomenological qualitative study were carried out. Simple random sampling for the quantitative and purposive judgmental sampling for the qualitative study was used. Data were collected through a structured and interviewer administered questionnaire for quantitative and key informant interview using semi structured guide for the qualitative study. The quantitative data entry were carried out in Epi data version 4.6 then exported to SPSS v.26 for analysis. The qualitative data were translated, transcribed, coded and analyzed thematically using open code3.6 software. Initially descriptive then logistic regression subsequently multivariable analysis was done. Model assumption was checked accordingly and fitness of model was checked by Hosmer-lemeshow test. RESULT: A total of 245 eligible key populations were participated, with a median age of 27 years., one participant was male and 73.5% with educational level of primary school and no formal education. PrEp utilization was 13% [95%CI8.2-18.4]. Partner support [AOR=6.57,95%CI:1.08-9.8], willingness[AOR=7.89,95%CI:1.357-9.72],knowledge/information[AOR=5.88,95%CI:1.146-13.0], stigma [AOR=0.19,95%CI:0.037-0.998],fear of side effect[AOR=0.028,95%CI:0.002-0.351],rural residency [AOR=0.23,95% CI:0.067-0.812]and STI history[AOR=14, 95% CI: 3.5–15.6] were significantly associated factors. From the qualitative study, Stigma, side effect of the drug, lack of information /knowledge about PrEp, and lack of support were barrier to PrEp uptake. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: the prevalence of PrEp utilization was low compared to other studies which seeks public attention. Residency from urban area, STI history, knowledge /information about PrEp, partner support and willingness were positively and adherence challenge, stigma and side effect negatively associated with utilization of PrEP. Since HIV pandemic is growing and affecting every corner of the world, therefore it could be better if all responsible body act to increase utilization of PrEp by tackling bottle neck factors in ally. KEY WORDS: female sexual worker, pre exposure prophylaxis, sero-discordant. 2023-06-09T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/15430 Fearof Childbirth Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Debrebirhan Towen Public Health Institution , Amhara, Ethiopia,2022/23 Surafel, Shewatatek Background:Feelings of uncertainty and concern before, during, or after labor are referred to as fears of childbirth. Women face a variety of worries related to childbirth, from minor ones to serious ones. It has an impact on the health of women during the postpartum period and her family.. Objective:The objective of this study was to determine the Fear of childbirth among pregnant women attending antenatal care inDebreBirhanTowen Public HealthInstitution,Amhara, Ethiopia.2022/ 2023. Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among 405 pregnant patients receiving antenatal treatment at four public health facilities in DebreBirhanTowen. choose study participants, a methodical random sampling technique was employed. Face-to-face interviews with a structured, previously tested questioner were used to get the data. To measure fear of childbirth , the Wijma Delivery Expectation/Experience Questionnaire was employed. The gathered data were input. Epi-data-4.6 statistical software was used to enter the collected data, and SPSS-25 statistical packages were used for analysis. For multivariate analysis, a P-value of less than 0.05 was deemed significant in multivariate bivariate analysis when it was less than 0.25 in bivariate analysis. Results: Out of the total, 400 respondents took part in the study with a response rate was 98.8%. This study showed that 45(11.3%) of study participants had low fear of childbirth, 225(56.3%) moderate, 93(23.3%) high, 37(9.3%) severe fear of childbirth. Having no formal education(AOR=5,95%CI:(1.37-18.15)(p=0.02), previous obstetrics complications AOR=3,95%CI: (1.14-7.8)(p=0.03), mode of delivery preference AOR=3,95%CI:(1.02-9.03) (p=0.045).Having medical illness AOR=3.6,95%CI(1.02-9.03)(p=0.02)showed significant association with a fear of childbirth. Conclusion and recommendations:The study setting is one where Fear of childbirth is common. Education level, previous obstetric problems medical illness, and preferred delivery method were all associated with lower levels of fear of childbirth. The women were categorized as having fear of childbirth based on a cut-off value of high and severe fear of childbirth. In the research setting, early detection of women at risk for fear of childbirth is clinically significant to enhance women's health throughout the perinatal period. Keywords:Pregnancy, fear of childbirth,Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire A, DebreBirhan. 2023-04-20T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/15279 Traditinal Uvuleectomy and Associated Factors among under-Five children in Mekaneselam town,south Wollo Zone Ethopia Abnew, Munaw Traditional uvulectomy, prevalence, associated factores Mekaneselam town 2022-07-25T00:00:00Z