http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/11560 2001-01-13T05:52:07Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16697 Effect of Fungicides on Management of Fusarium Head Blight (Fusarium Graminearum)for durum wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.)Quality seed Production in Debre Zeit ,Central Ethiopia Aderaw Tiruaynet Durum wheat is a major staple cereal crop in Ethiopia, but its yields and quality have been threatened due to Fusarium head blight (FHB). A field experiment was carried out at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center in the central Ethiopia during 2022 cropping season in order to manage FHB of durum wheat through integrated use of variety and fungicide application and increase quality seed production. The experiment consisted of 18 factorial treatment combinations of three fungicides (Unsprayed control, Propiconazole and Tebuconazole) and six durum wheat varieties (i.e., AlemTena, Utuba, Mangudo, Et Cross-21, Ude, and Tesfaye), laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Seed quality tests were conducted i n the seed laboratory using completely randomized design (CRD). Data on disease, growth, yield, yield-related and seed quality parameters were collected and analysis of variance was conducted using SAS version 9.0, and Tukey’s tests used for mean separation at 5%. Results revealed that the interaction effects of varieties and fungicides were significantly reduce disease and increase grain yield and seed quality parameters. The highest area under the disease progress curve (741.53% per day) on variety Ude with control (unsprayed). The highest yield (4.63 t/ha) were recorded on variety Et cross-21 with sprayed Tebuconazole. Lowest grain yield was recorded from variety Alem-Tena (2.29 t/ha) with control (unsprayed). FHB infected seed germination test result under standard, based on minimum seed certification standards of wheat in Ethiopia (85%). In this study, highest net benefit was obtained with treated Tebuconazole on variety Et cross-21. Hence, this can be suggested for the study area. However, the study was done in a single location and season. Therefore, additional location and season may be required to advance a comprehensive recommendation as best fusarium head blight management option. 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16696 Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Farmers’ and Occurrence of Total Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin a in red Pepper (Capsicum Annum L.) Under Farmers’ Storage Condition, West Gojjam, Ethiopia Hana Asrat In Ethiopia, red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a highly valued spice that is cultivated in various regions. It is the second most widely consumed spice in the world and plays a crucial role in generating income for smallholder farmers. Despite the importance of hot red pepper for home consumption, household income, and the national economy, mycotoxin contamination caused by fungi during the stages of growth, harvesting, transporting, storing, and processing is a severe issue for global food safety. Therefore, a study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of farmers, and occurrences of total aflatoxin and ochratoxin A as well as the association between water activity and color with total aflatoxin and ochratoxin A in red pepper under farmers storage was conducted in west Gojjam, Amhara region, Ethiopia. The study employed a survey with 100 households and 100 samples from the households in Wemberma, Bure Zuria, and Jabihtehnan districts. A structured questionnaire was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of farmers towards aflatoxin and ochratoxin A. The ELISA Kit Test was used to analyze total aflatoxin and ochratoxin A. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, T-test, and correlation analysis using Spss software. Results showed that 18% of farmers heard about mycotoxins, 81% know about mould. Respondents had some awareness about impact of fungal infection. The range of water activity was 0.407 to 0.762, the mean of AFT and OTA was recorded 14.2±4.2 and 32.1±36.4 µg/kg, respectively. All (N=100) samples indicated that there is AFT contamination, with levels ranging from 4.2 to 30µg/kg. About 84% of the samples did not comply with the 10µg/kg maximum total aflatoxin level set for processed red pepper powder in Ethiopia. The incidence of ochratoxin A in samples pod was 98% (N=100), 4.5µg/kg to 191.4µg/kg. Storage duration did not pose significant difference in total aflatoxin and ochratoxin A levels. About 59% of samples exceeded EU’s maximum limit of ochratoxin A (20 µg/kg) set for the commodity. The association between water activity and color (a*) with total aflatoxins and ochratoxin A were positive correlation. The observed practices of sprinkling water on whole samples were identified as a factor for elevated level of contamination. The result of this study demonstrated that total aflatoxin and ochratoxin A occurrence in red pepper is high and could be a health threat. Hence , there should be continues awareness creation to farmers in particular and general public about the impacts of mould and mycotoxins and Ethiopia should be implement mycotoxin control laws for food standards and safety with legally required maximum tolerable limit to ensure regular inspections. 2024-11-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16695 Phenotypic Characterization of Indigenous Chicken and Their Husbandary Practices in West Gojjam, Amhara Region, Ethiopia Balemlay Lakachew This study was conducted to characterize indigenous chicken ecotypes phenotypically and their husbandry practices in Sekela, Burie and Jabitehnan districts of, West Gojjam zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia. A total of 352 households were participated in the interviews, and for the phenotypic characterization 535 (417 female and 118 male from all districts) chickens were taken to describe qualitative and quantitative traits following standard chicken descriptors. Qualitative traits for phenotypic characterization and qualitative data of the survey were analyzed using descriptive statistics of SPSS 27. Quantitative data for the phenotypic characterization were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Livestock production in general and chicken production in particular, is an integral part of the socioeconomic well-being of people living in low income countries such as Ethiopia. Normal feather morphology, normal feather distribution and absence of shank feather were the main characteristic of local chicken populations in the study areas. Red, greyish and reddish brown were the most frequently observed plumage colour types in almost all study areas, with the overall values of 38.3%, 29.1%, and 15.3%, respectively. The overall mean body weight for mature cocks and hen were 2.11kg and 1.46kg respectively. The average flock size of indigenous chickens were 7.32±2.57(chicks 4.07±2.99, pullets 1.92±1.50, cockerel 1.47±1.02, cock 1.35±0.56, hen 2.75±1.04). Purpose of rearing indigenous chickens were for Source of income (index=0.36), home consumption (Egg & Meat) (index=0.35), and cultural and religious ceremonies (index=0.29) The major constraints of poultry production perceived by the community in their order of importance in ranking index were disease (0.28), predation (0.27), feed shortage (0.26) and lack of veterinary service (0.22). Poultry breeding policy should be designed based on selection and trait preference of farmers. 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16694 Prevalence and Management of Chocolate Spot (Botrytis Fabae ) of Faba Bean (Vicia Faba ) Through host Resistance and Fungicide spray frequencies in Dabat District, Northwestern, Ethiopia Dinku Atnafu Faba bean is a multi-purpose crop that mainly an important part in the socio-economic life of farming communities and for restoration of soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen and is a suitable rotation crop for cereals . The chocolate spot disease caused by Botrytis fabae Sard is one of the most ruinous soil-borne diseases and also one of the main challenges contributing to low productivity of faba beans, resulting in yield losses of over 68 in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the frequency of chocolate spot( Botrytis fabae) in faba bean( Vicia faba) and to manage chocolate spot disease through host resistance and fungicide spray frequencies in Dabat district during the 2022–2023 cropping season. The survey was conducted in three major faba bean-producing areas of Dabat district. A total of 60 faba bean planter’s fields were assessed. For the field trial, three faba bean varieties (Local, Wolki, and Hachalu) with four fungicide spraying frequencies, including: unsprayed, one times spray, two times spray, and three times spray of Trust Cymocop 439.5% WP at 1.5 kg/ha were used. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design in 3x4 factorial combinations with three replications. The disease, yield, and yield-related data were subjected to analysis of variance using the general linear model procedure of SAS 9.2. The survey result indicated that a high mean incidence (84.47%) and severity (70.42%) were recorded at Wokien Zuria and a low disease incidence (66.01%) and severity (43.04%) were recorded at Chila Keble administration. The field experiment results revealed that the interaction of variety with fungicide spraying frequency had a significant effect on chocolate spot disease. The minimum disease severity (25.33%) was recorded from Walki with three times spraying frequency, while the maximum disease severity (52.33%) was recorded from an unsprayed local variety on the last day of assessment. The highest AUDPC (11408%-unit day) was recorded from an unsprayed local variety, while the lowest AUDPC (573%-unit day) was recorded from a walki variety with three times fungicide spraying frequency of Trust Cymocop 439.5% WP. In this study, Walki faba bean variety with fungicide treatment, particularly with three times fungicide spraying frequency, Trust Cymocop 439.5% WP provided the best result in terms of chocolate spot disease management and yield production. Since the research was conducted for one year the experiment should be repeated. 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z