http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/1998 2001-01-13T05:49:44Z 2001-01-13T05:49:44Z Yeshiwas, Dereb http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16858 2025-09-17T11:59:56Z 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z

Education In Emergencies: Unpacking Child Education In Internally Displaced Persons Sites In Ethiopia, Debre Berhan Internally Displaced Persons Camp Yeshiwas, Dereb The main purpose of this study was to unpack child education in IDP sites in Ethiopia, Debre Berhan Internally Displaced Persons‘ camp. The study further explored differences in Education for internally Displaced Children on the basis children‘s demographic characteristics (gender and location). To this end, an explanatory sequential mixed-method design was used. A proportional stratified sampling technique was employed to select the research participants from the schools. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from selected participants. Then, descriptive and inferential statistics, including cross-case analysis for the qualitative data were employed. The findings of the study revealed that quality education, inclusive education, safety and protection, and overall Education for Internally Displaced Children appeared poor. This is due to the absence of sustainable follow ups from parents, school teachers and lack of enough support from schools; that school facility for education; cultural barriers, lack of confidence, engaging on multiple activities, such as family management, child rearing; economic problem; language barrier, and the presence of military clashes among different groups, etc. Based on gender, male IDC showed more access and safety and protection compared with female. Yet, no difference existed on quality and inclusive education. In terms of location, urban IDC experiences better Access to education and Quality education than IDC lived in rural displaced areas. Whereas, there were no differences observed between IDC in their inclusion education and safety and protection. This was because of IDC‘s own negative attitude for education, lack of confidence to go to school, the isolated nature of the rural schools from the center limits them to access varieties of assertiveness training, lack of facilities during the instructional process, poor infrastructure, lack of supervision from administrative staffs and experienced special teachers, and complete lack of government provision and financing of all levels of education, etc. The major factors affecting the implementation of EIDC were categorised into school related, resource related and security related. Accordingly, the concerned personnel at all levels, particularly, REBs, ZED, woredas, in synergy with NGOs and schools level leaders) should take corrective measures to tackle the identified gaps and challenges investigated in this study.

2025-05-01T00:00:00Z Getnet, Aselef http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16787 2025-07-24T13:26:23Z 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z

Assessing Rural Farmer’s Livelihood Diversification Practice: The Case of Enebse Sarmidir Woreda, East Gojam, Amhara Region, Ethiopia Getnet, Aselef Livelihood diversification is a key strategy for rural farmers to improve income, build resilience, and reduce vulnerability to agricultural shocks. However, the status, drivers, and constraints of diversification vary across different contexts, requiring localized assessments to inform interventions. This study aimed to assessing rural farmer’s livelihood diversification practices, identify the types, status/extent, drivers, and explore the constraints that hinder rural livelihood diversification in Enebsie Sarmider Woreda, East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region. A mixed-methods approach was employed. Data were collected through structured surveys, key informant interviews, and observations. Multistage sampling was employed to select 307 respondents from four kebeles. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.0 and reported through descriptive statistics like percentage, frequency and mean, while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings were presented using text, tables, figures and pie charts. Results of this study show that, 61.6% of respondents relied solely on farming, while 38.4% engaged in diversified livelihood strategies. Major drivers of livelihood diversification include shortage of land, inadequate income from cropping, agricultural shocks, lack of labor for farm activities and opportunities for capital accumulation. while constraints include lack of access to infrastructure, lack of raw materials, lack of startup capital, lack of awareness and technical skills, negative attitude of the local community towards non-farm activities, job marginalization as well as socio-cultural norms and gender disparities. The study revealed low levels of livelihood diversification among rural households in Enebsie Sarmider Woreda. Addressing key constraints and leveraging drivers can enhance rural livelihood diversification, reduce poverty, and improve food security. Comprehensive interventions, including infrastructure development, financial support, technical training, and community awareness, are recommended to promote diversified livelihood practices.

2025-05-01T00:00:00Z Sisay, Dessalegn http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16786 2025-07-24T13:17:06Z 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z

Examining Livelihoods and Drought Coping Strategies Of Rural Households in Drought Affected Areas, Abergele Woreda, Waghimra Zone, Ethiopia Sisay, Dessalegn The impetus for this research arises from a deep recognition of the ongoing vulnerability of rural households in Abergele Woreda, Waghimra Zone—one of the area most severely affected by drought. So, this study examined livelihoods and drought coping strategies of rural households in drought affected areas, Abergele Woreda, Waghimra Zone. To address the stated objective, mixed research method particularly concurrent triangulation approach was employed. Primary data were collected through survey questionnaire, focus group discussions, key informant interview and observation, while secondary data has been used from documents and reports from different offices. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of this study revealed that drought has had a significant impact on the livelihoods of households in the study area. Farming is the main livelihood strategy, with livestock husbandry playing a particularly dominant role. To support their livelihoods, about 52.6% of the sampled households engage in non- or off-farm activities alongside farming. Among these, the most common activities include seasonal migration, petty trading, and irrigation. In the study area, key community assets include the labor force, water resources, livestock, and community-based associations. However, households face limited access to essential services such as transportation, markets, climate information, credit, remittances, and savings. These limitations have negatively impacted livelihoods and their ability to cope effectively with livelihood challenges. The main coping strategies employed by households in response to drought include selling goats and sheep, relying on relief food, altering consumption patterns, seasonal migration and selling oxen and other productive assets. The results of the chi- square test revealed that gender, household size, education, access to transportation, availability of climate information, market distance, and credit access were significantly associated with livelihood diversification. Finally, it is recommended that the households should focus on developing drought-tolerant crops, expanding irrigation and trading to build resilient and sustainable livelihoods. Additionally, both governmental and non-governmental organizations should prioritize development programs like building infrastructure, irrigation canals and shifting short-term emergency food aid to long-term solutions

2025-06-01T00:00:00Z Aderaw, Hana http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/16761 2025-07-21T10:23:59Z 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z

Exploring The Socioeconomic Implication of Women's Engagement In ‘Areki’ Production and Trading The Case of Dembecha Town, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Aderaw, Hana In Ethiopia, the informal sector plays a vital role in sustaining livelihoods, especially for women who lack access to formal employment opportunities. This study investigates the socio-economic implication of women’s involvement in ‘Areki’ production, a traditional alcoholic beverage commonly made in Dembecha Town. Using a concurrent mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative data from a structured survey of 290 women with qualitative insights gathered through in-depth interviews and direct field observations. Quantitative analysis was performed using SPSS, while thematic analysis guided the interpretation of qualitative data.The findings show that ‘Areki’ production is a significant contributor to women's economic empowerment. Approximately 80.3% of respondents expressed strong interest in maintaining or expanding their production (mean = 4.13), with many reporting gains such as regular income, asset development, and participation in informal saving mechanisms like Ikub. Socially, 78.3% reported enhanced community respect, 57.6% acknowledged higher regard for ‘Areki’ producers compared to non-producers, and 49.7% linked their involvement to strengthened social cohesion. Qualitative evidence further supports these outcomes, emphasizing improved social standing, cultural engagement, and mutual aid systems.However, women in this sector also face notable obstacles. About 81.4% reported challenges in balancing household responsibilities with production work (mean = 4.14), and 75.5% identified high transportation costs as a barrier. Additionally, 71.3% pointed to a lack of training and support, while 69.3% highlighted inadequate tools and infrastructure. Other challenges include exposure to health risks during distillation, restricted access to credit, and the absence of formal sector recognition. Ultimately, ‘Areki’ production has evolved from a marginalized, home-based activity to a widely practiced and socially accepted commercial pursuit, spurred by urbanization and economic need. It now serves as a viable livelihood strategy for many women. This study recommends gender-sensitive policies such as better financial access, safety measures, support tools, and legal recognition to strengthen the Areki sector and improve women’s socio-economic status in informal economies.

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