Thesis

Determinant Factors Influencing the Adoption of Agroforestry Practices by Small-holder Farmers in Legambo District of Northeastern Ethiopia

2026-09-01T10:23:54Z

Determinant Factors Influencing the Adoption of Agroforestry Practices by Small-holder Farmers in Legambo District of Northeastern Ethiopia Alye, Zinet Despite widespread reports concerning the role of agroforestry for economic advantage, soil protection, fuel wood, and environmental benefits, not much is known about rural households’ determinant factors of agroforestry practices. This study was conducted to address determinant factors affecting adoption of agroforestry practice in the Legambo District. A cross-sectional research design was applied in four Kebeles of Legambo district involving 361 sample households. Multi-stage sampling techniques were employed to select the district, Kebeles, and sample households. Descriptive statistics and the binary logit model were used to analyze the data. The result from Likert scale on farmers' perceptions about the benefits of agroforestry practices indicated that the mean score of 3.85, 3.65 and 3.58 of the respondents perceived that agroforestry conserves soil and water, improves soil nutrients, and increases farm income, respectively. The result from descriptive statistics, 64.5% of the respondents had adopted different agroforestry practices. Of scattered tree on crop land (63.7%) was mostly adopted by household, while, 13.6% adopted alley cropping. The result indicated that the proportion of adopters of agroforestry practices was higher than non- adopters. Binary linear regression analysis showed adoption of AFPs in the study area was significantly (p ≤0.05) influenced by age, gender, education level, land size and livestock ownership. However, the total land size of the HHs had negative and significant (P ≤ 0.02) influence. Conflict with neighbor landowners (P ≤0.053) and economic status (P≤0.208) were not significant in determining the adoption of agroforestry practices. Therefore, efforts are expected from the concerned bodies to enhance the adoption of agroforestry in the study area

Response of Haricot Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) To Inter Row Spacing Andblendednpsfertilizerrateinhuletejuensiedistrict,North Western Ethiopia

2026-09-01T10:21:27Z

Response of Haricot Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) To Inter Row Spacing Andblendednpsfertilizerrateinhuletejuensiedistrict,North Western Ethiopia Gedefaw, Zelalem Haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)is oneof the most important food and export pulse crop in Ethiopia. However, Low soil fertility and inappropriate plant spacing are the production constraints of common bean in the study area. Hence, a field experiment was carried out in Hulet Eju Enesie District, North Western Ethiopia during 2022/2023 cropping season to evaluate the effect of inter-row spacing and blended NPS fertilizer rate on the yield and yield components of haricot bean. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of four rates of blended NPS (61, 121, 182 and 243 kg ha -1 ) and three inter row spacing of haricot bean (30,40, 50 cm). The treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Data on phenological, growth and yield parameters of the tested crop were collected and analyzed using SAS-JMP-16 software. Results revealed that all phenological parameters of the tested crop were not significantly influenced by both the main and interaction effects of inter-row spacing and blended NPS fertilizer rates The interaction effect of inter-row spacing and blended NPS fertilizer rate had a significant effect on plant height, number of branch per plant, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, above ground dry biomass yield and grain yield. The highest number of pod per plant (18.40), number of seed per pod (8.23), above ground dry biomass (6.10t ha ) and grain yield(4.59t ha-1) were recorded from a combined application of 40cm inter-row spacing with 182kg ha -1 of blended NPS fertilizer rate. Indeed, according to the partial budget analysis,40cm inter-row spacing with combined application of 182kg ha -1 gave the highest net benefit (119846) with acceptable marginal rate of return 5173%. Thus, it can be concluded that the combined application of 40cm inter-row spacing with 182kg ha -1 of blended NPS fertilizer rate would be recommended for maximum production and profitability in the study area and areas withsimilaragro-ecology.Thisresearchalsosuggested furtherresearchonthe variousratesof -1combinedapplicationsofVermicompostingandofinorganicfertilizeracrossvariousagro ecology and years.

Impact of Bitter White Lupine Green Manure, Vermicompost and Chemical Fertilizer Rates on Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Yield and Soil Physicochemical Properties in Mecha District, Northwestern Ethiopia

2026-09-01T10:16:10Z

Impact of Bitter White Lupine Green Manure, Vermicompost and Chemical Fertilizer Rates on Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Yield and Soil Physicochemical Properties in Mecha District, Northwestern Ethiopia Aschalew, Tiruneh Wheat is a significant cereal crop in terms of production and cultivated area. In the majority Ethiopia's highlands, crop production is severely hampered by acidity and deterioration of soil properties. As a result the actual yield of crops in general and wheat in particular muclower than the potential yields. Thus, this research was initiated to: assess the productivitywheat crops in response to applications of chemical fertilizers, vermicompost, and bitter lupigreen manure. The study was carried out at Koga Irrigation Scheme during 2023 main cropping season. Three levels of chemical fertilizers (0, 50%, and 100% of the recommended rate which 0/0, 125/100, 250/200 kg/ha urea & NPSB respectively), three levels of bitter lupine grmanure fresh biomass (0, 2.5, and 5 t/ha dry matter based) and three levels of vermicompost 2.5 and 5 t/ha) were the treatments included in the experiment. The experiment was laid out inrandomized complete block design replicated three times per treatment. Data were collected selected soil properties before and after experimentation and on phenological, vegetative growtand yield related parameters of wheat. All the collected soil and wheat parameters wanalyzed using SAS software and for significant test the mean separation was performed usingTukey (HSD). The results indicated that the higher total N (0.29%), was recorded from combined application of 5 t/ha Lupine green manure with 2.5 t/ha vermicompost. The highestavailable phosphorus (Av.P) (19.18) was recorded from the combined application of 50% RCF with 5 t/ha Lupine green manure and 5 t/ha vermicompost. The highest organic carbon (1.86and CEC (28.7 cmol (+)/kg) of the soil was recorded on integrated application of 100% RCF with 5 t/ha Lupine green manure and 5 t/ha vermicompost application. The maximum graiyields (3922.5 kg ha -1 ) and biomass yields (9599.2 kg ha -1 ) were recorded from 100% RCF w5 t/ha vermicompost and 5 t/ha Lupine green manure, whereas the lowest was recorded from control. According to the partial budget analysis, the highest net profit (199353.5 ETB) wachieved when 50% RCF, 5 t/ha vermicompost and 5 t/ha Lupine green manure, resulting in respective marginal rate of return (MRR) of 29465.6%. The combined application of RCFLupine green manure, and vermicompost improved the overall soil properties and yield and yield- related traits of wheat. Based on the wheat yield, soil improvement, and economic return, farmers should apply an integrated 50% RCF with 5 t/ha Lupine green manure and 5 t/vermicompost. Further research should be conducted over seasons and locations to draw sound recommendation.

EFFECT of SEED and NITROGEN RATE on YIELD and YIELD COMPONENT of BREAD WHEAT (Triticum Aestivum L.) in MENZ MAMA DISTRICT, NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA

2026-09-01T10:13:08Z

EFFECT of SEED and NITROGEN RATE on YIELD and YIELD COMPONENT of BREAD WHEAT (Triticum Aestivum L.) in MENZ MAMA DISTRICT, NORTH SHEWA, ETHIOPIA Menkore, Kidane Wheat production plays a crucial role in global food security in Ethiopia. Understanding the influence of seed and nitrogen rates on bread wheat yield and its components is essential for improving agricultural productivity in such areas. The yield potential of bread wheat study area was 35-55 Qt per Ha, however due to the use of un optimal seed and nitrogen rate current productivity where 2.8 Qt. The experiment was conducted in Menz Mama district, north Shewa, in the 2023 cropping season, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with sixteen treatments. These treatments included seed rate of (125, 150,175 and 200 kg ha -1 and nitrogen fertilizer rates (150, 200, 250 and 300 kg ha ). Data on yield and yield components, such as grain yield, spike length, number of tillers per plant, and thousand kernel weights, were collected and analyzed using SAS statistical methods. The results revealed that spike length, number of tillers, thousand seed weight, biomass yield, lodging, and plant height were significantly influenced by the main effects of nitrogen and seed rate (p<0.01), while days of heading and days of physiological maturity were only influenced by the main effect of nitrogen. The interaction between seeding rates and nitrogen levels significantly influenced the number of grains per spike, grain yield, number of productive tillers, straw yield, and harvest index. The study revealed that the combination of 250 kg N ha -1 fertilizer with a seed rate of 175 kg ha -1 provided the highest number of productive tillers, kernel weight, and harvest index. These findings suggest that a seed rate of 175 kg ha -1 demonstrated superior performance in terms of productive tillers, kernel number, thousand kernel weight, and yield under nitrogen fertilizer rates of 250 and 300 kg ha -1 . Overall, the combination of 250 kg N fertilizer with a seed rate of 175 kg ha provided the greatest economic advantage (256284.1ETB) and yield. Since the current study was conducted at single location and only one year, it is better to repeat this experiment on multi-locations and over seasons to come up with reliable recommendation. -1 -1