School of Health Science

Utilization And Associated Factor of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis For Hiv/Aids Among Key Population Group in Bure Town,North West Ethiopia,2022

2023-12-17T07:58:42Z

Utilization And Associated Factor of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis For Hiv/Aids Among Key Population Group in Bure Town,North West Ethiopia,2022 Alelign, Anagaw BACKGROUND: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is use of antiretroviral drugs to sero negative highest risk people before potential exposure and continued throughout periods of the exposure to prevent the acquisition of HIV. WHO recommended pre-exposure prophylaxis as prevention for individual at substantial risk .However, use of PrEP remains low globally as well as in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess utilization, associated factors and barriers of PrEp uptake for HIV /AIDS among female sexual workers and sero discordant in Bure town, North West Ethiopia, 2022. METHODS: Community based cross-sectional study triangulated with phenomenological qualitative study were carried out. Simple random sampling for the quantitative and purposive judgmental sampling for the qualitative study was used. Data were collected through a structured and interviewer administered questionnaire for quantitative and key informant interview using semi structured guide for the qualitative study. The quantitative data entry were carried out in Epi data version 4.6 then exported to SPSS v.26 for analysis. The qualitative data were translated, transcribed, coded and analyzed thematically using open code3.6 software. Initially descriptive then logistic regression subsequently multivariable analysis was done. Model assumption was checked accordingly and fitness of model was checked by Hosmer-lemeshow test. RESULT: A total of 245 eligible key populations were participated, with a median age of 27 years., one participant was male and 73.5% with educational level of primary school and no formal education. PrEp utilization was 13% [95%CI8.2-18.4]. Partner support [AOR=6.57,95%CI:1.08-9.8], willingness[AOR=7.89,95%CI:1.357-9.72],knowledge/information[AOR=5.88,95%CI:1.146-13.0], stigma [AOR=0.19,95%CI:0.037-0.998],fear of side effect[AOR=0.028,95%CI:0.002-0.351],rural residency [AOR=0.23,95% CI:0.067-0.812]and STI history[AOR=14, 95% CI: 3.5–15.6] were significantly associated factors. From the qualitative study, Stigma, side effect of the drug, lack of information /knowledge about PrEp, and lack of support were barrier to PrEp uptake. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: the prevalence of PrEp utilization was low compared to other studies which seeks public attention. Residency from urban area, STI history, knowledge /information about PrEp, partner support and willingness were positively and adherence challenge, stigma and side effect negatively associated with utilization of PrEP. Since HIV pandemic is growing and affecting every corner of the world, therefore it could be better if all responsible body act to increase utilization of PrEp by tackling bottle neck factors in ally. KEY WORDS: female sexual worker, pre exposure prophylaxis, sero-discordant.

Fearof Childbirth Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Debrebirhan Towen Public Health Institution , Amhara, Ethiopia,2022/23

2023-07-01T16:36:41Z

Fearof Childbirth Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Debrebirhan Towen Public Health Institution , Amhara, Ethiopia,2022/23 Surafel, Shewatatek Background:Feelings of uncertainty and concern before, during, or after labor are referred to as fears of childbirth. Women face a variety of worries related to childbirth, from minor ones to serious ones. It has an impact on the health of women during the postpartum period and her family.. Objective:The objective of this study was to determine the Fear of childbirth among pregnant women attending antenatal care inDebreBirhanTowen Public HealthInstitution,Amhara, Ethiopia.2022/ 2023. Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among 405 pregnant patients receiving antenatal treatment at four public health facilities in DebreBirhanTowen. choose study participants, a methodical random sampling technique was employed. Face-to-face interviews with a structured, previously tested questioner were used to get the data. To measure fear of childbirth , the Wijma Delivery Expectation/Experience Questionnaire was employed. The gathered data were input. Epi-data-4.6 statistical software was used to enter the collected data, and SPSS-25 statistical packages were used for analysis. For multivariate analysis, a P-value of less than 0.05 was deemed significant in multivariate bivariate analysis when it was less than 0.25 in bivariate analysis. Results: Out of the total, 400 respondents took part in the study with a response rate was 98.8%. This study showed that 45(11.3%) of study participants had low fear of childbirth, 225(56.3%) moderate, 93(23.3%) high, 37(9.3%) severe fear of childbirth. Having no formal education(AOR=5,95%CI:(1.37-18.15)(p=0.02), previous obstetrics complications AOR=3,95%CI: (1.14-7.8)(p=0.03), mode of delivery preference AOR=3,95%CI:(1.02-9.03) (p=0.045).Having medical illness AOR=3.6,95%CI(1.02-9.03)(p=0.02)showed significant association with a fear of childbirth. Conclusion and recommendations:The study setting is one where Fear of childbirth is common. Education level, previous obstetric problems medical illness, and preferred delivery method were all associated with lower levels of fear of childbirth. The women were categorized as having fear of childbirth based on a cut-off value of high and severe fear of childbirth. In the research setting, early detection of women at risk for fear of childbirth is clinically significant to enhance women's health throughout the perinatal period. Keywords:Pregnancy, fear of childbirth,Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire A, DebreBirhan.

Traditinal Uvuleectomy and Associated Factors among under-Five children in Mekaneselam town,south Wollo Zone Ethopia

2023-05-25T06:44:52Z

Traditinal Uvuleectomy and Associated Factors among under-Five children in Mekaneselam town,south Wollo Zone Ethopia Abnew, Munaw Traditional uvulectomy, prevalence, associated factores Mekaneselam town

Derivation and Validation of A Risk Score To Predict Mortality of Early Neonates at Felege Hiwot Specialized Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Bahir Dar

2023-05-12T06:19:03Z

Derivation and Validation of A Risk Score To Predict Mortality of Early Neonates at Felege Hiwot Specialized Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Bahir Dar Yitayeh, Belsti Background: Early neonatal death is death of infants in the first week of life. In 2019, 2.4 million newborns died globally, and 99, 000 live births died in Ethiopia. Of this death, 34%-92% of deaths happen within 7 days of postnatal period. Thus, the early neonatal period is the most critical time for an infant, requiring different strategies to prevent mortality. Among strategies deriving and implementing early warning scores is crucial to predict early neonatal mortality earlier upon hospital admission. However, no risk score has been derived in our country and the study area. Therefore, this study will help for screening high-risk early neonates at admission using easily measurable and accessible maternal and neonatal variables to estimate, and predict early neonatal death. Objectives: To derive and validate a risk score to predict mortality of early neonates at Felege Hiwot Specialized Hospital neonatal intensive care unit, Bahir Dar, 2021 Methods: The document review was conducted from February 24, to April 08, 2021, on all early neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. The total number of early neonates included in the derivation study was 1100. Data were collected by using structured checklists prepared on EpiCollect5 software. After exporting the data to R version 4.0.5 software, variables with (p < 0.25) from the simple binary regression were entered into a multiple logistic regression model, and significant variables (p < 0.05) were kept in the model. The discrimination and calibration were assessed. The model was internally validated using bootstrapping technique. To make the score easily applicable the regression coefficients from the final multiple binary logistic regressions were used to assign integers to each variable. Results: Admission weight, birth Apgar score, perinatal asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, mode of delivery, sepsis, and gestational age at birth remained in the final multiple logistic regression prediction model. The area under curve of receiver operating characteristic curve for early neonatal mortality score was 90.7%. The model retained excellent discrimination under internal validation. Using the ―Youden Index‖ optimal cutoff point for predicted probabilities of mortality 0.1363, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value, negative predictive value was 89.4%, 82.5%, 55.5%, and 96.9%, respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios of the model were also 5.10 and 0.13, respectively. Conclusion and recommendation: The derived score has an excellent discriminative ability and good prediction performance. This is an important tool for predicting early neonatal mortality in neonatal intensive care units just at admission. Therefore, after external validation, this score will be a better model for application in low and middle-income countries. Keywords: derivation, validation, risk score, early neonatal mortality, NICU, Ethiopia