http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/11559 2026-09-13T02:10:44Z 2026-09-13T02:10:44Z Zeleke, Sahlemariam http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/17102 2026-08-31T09:06:04Z 2025-10-01T00:00:00Z

Survey and Management of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)) Using Different Insecticides and Application Rates in Dembia, Central Gondar Adminstrative Zone of Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia Zeleke, Sahlemariam Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of Ethiopia’s major legume crops; however, the chickpea pod borer (H armigera) is a highly destructive pest that can reduce yield by 30%-90% under favorable conditions. Hence, this study was carried out during the 2023/24 cropping season in the East and West Dembia districts, comprised a survey and a field experiment. The survey involved 200 farmers across ten kebeles, and a field experiment was conducted using three insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin 5% EC (250, 500, and 750 mL ha⁻¹), alpha-cypermethrin 10% EC (125, 250, and 375 mL ha⁻¹), and diazinon 60% EC (1000, 1500, and 2000 mL ha⁻¹) and an unsprayed control, arranged in an RCBD with three replications. Survey data were analyzed using SPSS (version 25), and experimental data using SAS (version 9.4). The survey revealed the (H armigera )was dominant pest (69%) and near total infestation in both districts: 100% of fields in East Dembia and 98% in West Dembia. However, infestation severity was higher in East Dembia, with more larvae per plant (5.11 vs. 4.98) and a higher percentage of infested plants (22.71% vs. 20.88%). Infestations were higher in fields with a high planting density, inadequate sanitation, wheat crop history, and no intercropping. The field experiment showed very highly significant differences in insect pest parameters, %larval reduction, pod damage, and yield parameters in both factors and interaction, treatments lambda-cyhalothrin at 750 mL ha-1 had the lowest larval density (0.11-0.443), maximum larval reduction (92.41-97.80%) the least pod damage (1.83%),and highest yield (2018.07) followed by alpha-cypermethrin (375 ml/ha) with low larva population (0.55-0.67), (87.34-91.20%) larval reduction, pod damage (3.38%), and grain yield (1902.7kg) with light phyto-toxicity. The unsprayed control plot had the highest larval density, no larval reduction, and the greatest percent of pod damage (32.67%), and lowest grain yield (1047.57 kg/ha). Although 750 mL ha-1 of lambda-cyhalothrin was the best treatment, treatment at 500 ml/ha rate showed excellent reduction, biological, low phyto-toxicity, lower costs, and the best MRR%. Therefore, 500 mL ha-1 of lambda-cyhalothrin is advisable for sustainable and cost effective (H armigera) management depends on type and rate of insecticides. Further research is needed to validate these findings across different agro-ecologies.

2025-10-01T00:00:00Z Ferede, Gedifew http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/17101 2026-08-31T09:02:26Z 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z

Effect of Broken Kernels, Weevils (Sitophilus Zeamais), and Storage Period on Deterioration Indicators of Maize (Zea Mays) Under Storage Condition Ferede, Gedifew Maize is a highly important crop in Ethiopia for its food purpose and source of income especially for the smallholders; there are a lot of factors that deteriorate it under storage condition. Weevils (Sitophilus zeamais), broken kernel percentage and storage duration are among the factors that deteriorate maize under storage condition. Although maize is essential crop in most areas of country, the deterioration indicators like weevil growth development, moisture change, maize physical damage (maize damaged kernel), weight loss and mycotoxin development are serious problems under storage condition. 60kg of maize was bought from Amhara Seed Site. An experiment was designed to determine the effect of maize broken kernels, weevils and storage duration on deterioration indicators of maize under storage condition. A 0%, 2%, 4% 6% and 8% broken kernels were used in the experiment. Twenty adult maize weevils were added to each 1kg maize sample contained in a woven polypropylene bag. A two time storage period, three months and six months were used to determine weevil infestation level, insect damage kernel, weight loss, mycotoxin (aflatoxin and ochratoxin) occurrence and moisture change of maize under storage condition. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications in the grain and seed quality laboratory at the college of Agriculture and environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University (BDU). Woven polypropylene bag was used for storing the samples for the experimental period. Data logger was used to monitor the external temperature and relative humidity of the laboratory. Moisture content of maize was measured by Agratronix MT-PRO Grain Moisture Tester. Numbers of weevils counted at 3 period. Damaged and undamaged numbers of thousand maize grains counted and weighed by sensitive balance at end of 3 rd and 6 th storage period. Coffee grinder was used to grind sample for mycotoxin analysis. The highest results determined from effect of broken kernels, weevils and storage period on weevil development, physical damage, weight loss, aflatoxin and ochratoxin are 1635***, 83.8***, 48.1014***, 19.74*** and 3.99*** respectively for interaction effect and moisture change is 14.4% of main effect. rd and 6 th storage

2025-06-01T00:00:00Z Amare, Yekedem http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/17098 2026-08-31T08:58:22Z 2025-03-01T00:00:00Z

Assessment and Integrated Management of Yellow Rust (Puccinia Striiformis F. Sp. Tritici) Disease of Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) in Debre Elias District, East Gojjam Adminstrative Zone, Northwestern Ethiopia Amare, Yekedem In Ethiopia, bread wheat is a significant cereal crop in terms of production volume and area coverage. However, its yield is influenced by yellow rust disease. Hence, this study was carried out to assess the status of yellow rust disease and to develop bread wheat yellow rust disease integrated management options using varieties and fungicides in Debre Elias district during 2023 main cropping season. A total of 100 wheat farmer fields were assessed from four kebele administrations in the district for yellow rust disease prevalence, incidence, and severity and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. The field experiment was conducted at Guay Kebele administration on a farmer’s field. A total of 9 treatment combinations, including three bread wheat varieties (Danda’a, Ogolcho, and Kakaba) and two fungicides (Nativo SC 300 and Kanzole 25% EC, including unsprayed check) with three replications were laid out in a factorial arrangement using RCBD design. Both disease and yield-related data were collected, and SAS 9.4 software was used to analyze them. Survey results revealed that 88%, 42.41%, and 28.67% of yellow rust mean prevalence, incidence, and severity were observed in the district respectively. Survey result also revealed that the highest mean severity was recorded on fields covered by Ogolcho variety (50.91%), which were at heading growth stage (31.48%), had high plant density (40.79%), previously covered by wheat crop (36.97%) with an altitude range >2167 m.a.s.l. (31.77%) and unsprayed ones (36.61%). The field study result showed that the highest FYRS of 89.08%, 80.48%, and 43.33% were recorded on unsprayed Ogolcho, Kakaba, and Danda’a varieties, respectively. And also the minimum (363.02% days -1 ) AUDPC value was registered on the Danda’a variety treated with Nativo SC 300 fungicide. Varieties of unsprayed plots resulted in maximum RYL of 74.55%, 52.31%, and 48.13% on Ogolcho, Kakaba, and Danda varieties, respectively. Variety Danda treated with Nativo SC 300 fungicide gave the maximum (4.55 t ha -1 ) of grain yield and NB (302,150 birr ha -1 ). As a result, the combined use of Danda variety with Nativo SC 300 fungicide could be suggested for efficient yellow rust management and optimization of production in Debre Elias. The study should be repeated in similar and differe nt agro-ecologies and years to set a solid recommendation.

2025-03-01T00:00:00Z Addis, Anemaw http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/17096 2026-08-31T08:54:29Z 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z

Integrated Management of Tomato Late Blight [Phytophthora Infestans (Mont.) De Bary] Through Host Resistance and Frequency of Fungicide Spraying Under Irrigation Condition At Jawi District, Awi Administration Zone Northwestern Ethiopia Addis, Anemaw Tomato is one of the most important vegetable crop in Ethiopia. Diseases are major constraints that limit production of tomato in the country. Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, poses a significant challenge to tomato production in Ethiopia. This study evaluated the effect of host resistance and fungicide spray frequency on tomato late blight disease at Jawi District during the 2024 irrigation season. The design of the experiment was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangements with three replications. Disease severity and incidence were significantly influenced by the treatments. The highest disease severity was observed on untreated plots, with value of 54.17% in Melkashola, while the lowest severity was recorded in Miya and Melkashola varieties treated with four times sprays (26.92% and 32.78%, respectively). The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) (value) and disease progress rates (value) were lowest in treated plots in plot specify it Yield losses reached up to 61.41% in untreated plots, whereas marketable fruit yield was maximized at 36.25 t ha⁻¹ in three-time fungicide-sprayed plots. Marginal analysis indicated that two applications were cost-effective for Miya and Roma VF, while three applications were optimal for Melkashola and Melkasallasa. The integration of resistant varieties and targeted fungicide applications effectively minimized late blight epidemics and enhanced yield. These findings suggest the adoption of integrated management strategies tailored to variety-specific resistance levels and for sustainable tomato production.

2025-06-01T00:00:00Z